We’ve been publishing Food Revolution Network articles for well over a decade, and during that time we’ve never directly addressed the elephant in the room — or, more accurately, the whoopee cushion under the chair — of plant-based eating.
I’m speaking, of course, about flatulence.
It’s not exactly a secret that some of our favorite and healthiest plant-based ingredients come with, shall we say, a chorus of side effects.
If you’ve experienced that “aromatic wind beneath your wings” feeling on a diet rich in fruits, veggies, whole grains, and legumes, don’t despair. You’re not alone, and it doesn’t mean you’re doing anything wrong.
Gas is a normal part of digestion, especially when you’re eating fibrous foods like whole fruits and vegetables. But that doesn’t mean it’s not sometimes uncomfortable, smelly, and potentially awkward in social situations.
So let’s explore how to minimize that gas and make eating and its aftermath a more comfortable and pleasant experience for you and everyone around you. We’ll identify potential causes of gas, reveal tips for reducing it, look at how to make foods easier to digest, and share a few plant-based recipes that should be easy on your digestion.
Why Do We Get Gas?
Being gassy doesn’t necessarily mean that anything’s wrong. Your digestive system produces gas because not all food gets fully digested in your small intestine. Some components, like dietary fiber and resistant starches (so named, I’m imagining, because they chant “Heck, no, we won’t go!” as they march through your digestive tract) make their way to your large intestine relatively intact.
And you get a lot more of these components on a plant-based diet of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds than on a diet of processed foods and foods of animal origin. (In fact, there is no fiber, and there is no resistant starch found in meat, dairy, eggs, bottled oils, or added sugar.)
Once these undigested carbohydrates arrive in your large intestines, they become food for your probiotic bacteria. As the gut microbes break down fiber and starch, they produce gas as a natural byproduct of the fermentation process. Think of it as your own private champagne cellar, where tiny bubbles build up enough “vintage” pressure (a fizzy bottle can hit 87 pounds per square inch!) to make you pop the cork at the least convenient moment. The “end product,” as it were, consists mostly of non-smelly gases like nitrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and oxygen. The odor, if any, comes from trace compounds that pack a punch far beyond their tiny parts-per-million presence. These include various sulfur compounds, ammonia, volatile fatty acids, and others. Some people’s gas also contains a bit of methane, which can make flatulence technically flammable.
(Weird side note: A friend once told me she tested this with her husband holding a lit match above the scene of the crime. He claimed a tiny flare shot up. I do not recommend trying this at home.)
The amounts and types of gas produced can vary greatly based on your microbiome and your diet, as well as your genetics. In general, you can expect that there might be some gas after eating fiber-heavy meals.
If you’re experiencing excessive gas, painful bloating, or changes in digestion, it could be the result of adding too much fiber too quickly. It might also be a symptom of a more serious disorder, such as IBS, food sensitivities, or a lack of digestive enzymes.
For more on digestive enzymes, including how they work and whether they’re worth taking as supplements, check out our full article here.
Gas can come not just from your gut bacteria fermenting the fiber and starches in your colon, but also from swallowed air (like when drinking carbonated beverages or eating too quickly).
The Difference Between Gas and Bloating
On a plant-based diet, you may experience both gas and bloating, especially if you’ve recently increased your fiber intake. By identifying which symptom you’re dealing with, you can take more targeted steps to feel better. Let’s look at the differences.
Gas is pretty self-explanatory: You’ve got gas, and you’re either passing it or struggling heroically to keep it in (think elevators, airplanes, church, and first dates). And it comes with a feeling of pressure in your gut that can be (temporarily) relieved with each expulsion.
Bloating, on the other hand, is the feeling of fullness, tightness, or pressure in your abdomen. It can happen with or without gas and might not always result in noticeable flatulence.
Some causes of bloating include:
- Slowed digestion or constipation, which causes food to sit longer than it should in your digestive tract
- Water retention, often related to hormonal changes or salty meals
- Food intolerances
- Poor gut motility, where your digestive muscles aren’t moving food along efficiently
- Overeating or eating too quickly, which can lead to feeling backed up
The Most Gas-Producing Foods on a Plant-Based Diet
Many healthy plant-based staples are known for causing gas, especially when you first increase your fiber intake by adding large quantities of these foods to your diet in a short time. That means you don’t need to cut these foods out entirely — instead, you can reduce them and increase your consumption slowly and incrementally. (You’ll find more strategies for keeping things calm in your tummy later in this article.)
Let’s look at the top “contrib-tooters” to gasiness.
1. Beans and Lentils
Legumes are rich in fiber and contain oligosaccharides, a type of carbohydrate that’s tough to digest, at least by your digestive system. Your gut bacteria happily ferment them, and that fermentation creates gas.
For more on legumes, see our article here.
2. Cruciferous Vegetables
Veggies like broccoli, cauliflower, cabbage, and Brussels sprouts are packed with fiber and sulfur-containing compounds. These can lead to gas and sometimes bloating, especially if you’re not accustomed to eating them regularly. And sulfur, which in medieval English was called brimstone and associated with the fiery torments of hell, can cause that particular “farty” aroma.
3. Whole Grains
Brown rice, oats, quinoa, whole wheat, and other whole grains contain fiber and resistant starch, which feed gut bacteria and produce gas as a byproduct.
4. High-FODMAP Foods
FODMAPs are a group of fermentable carbs found in many plant foods. (In case you find yourself on Jeopardy! and the category is Short-Chain Fatty Acids, the acronym stands for fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols. And don’t forget to give your answer in the form of a question!)
FODMAPs are generally health-promoting, since they feed your beneficial gut bacteria, but they can cause digestive symptoms in some people. High-FODMAP foods include legumes, nuts, wheat, dairy, certain fruits, as well as onions and garlic, which deserve their own category thanks to their unique contributions to your signature scent.
5. Onions and Garlic
These and other members of the allium family (like leeks, chives, and scallions) contain fructans, a type of fermentable carbohydrate that can cause gas and bloating, particularly in people with IBS or a sensitivity to FODMAPs. They also have a high sulfur content, which, as we’ve seen (or rather, smelled), can produce odoriferous gas.
For much more about alliums, including their amazing health benefits, you can check out our full article here.
How To Make Plant-Based Foods Easier To Digest
Most people find they don’t need to remove these foods from their diet to vanquish persistent, frequent, and smelly gas attacks. Here are several proven strategies to help your gut bacteria digest them more completely with fewer unwanted byproducts.
First, soak and rinse legumes and whole grains before cooking them. You can soak grains for a few hours or even overnight. Legumes can soak for 48 hours, as long as you pour off and replace the water every 12 hours to prevent the beans or lentils from fermenting in the bowl. Do a final rinse just before cooking.
Soaking and rinsing grains and legumes helps break down the alpha-oligosaccharides, which means your gut microbes have to do less digesting. That subdues the fermentation party, which means less tooting.
As an added benefit, soaking and rinsing can start the sprouting process and increase nutrient bioavailability.
You can also reduce flatulence by cooking grains and legumes for longer periods. Slow cooking and simmering can reduce the amount of undigested starch that reaches the large intestines.
For more on healthy, plant-based slow cooking, check out our article on The Joys and Benefits of Slow Cooking.
Another way to reduce flatulence is to add a strip of kombu to cooking legumes. Kombu, a type of sea vegetable in the kelp family, leaches an enzyme into the bean water that predigests some of the short-chain carbohydrates. It also tenderizes the skin of the beans, allowing some of their natural sugars to migrate into the cooking water.
Some spices, including cumin, fennel, and ginger, also act to reduce fermentation and gas production in the large intestines.
A fundamental strategy that I’ve already mentioned but which bears repeating is to introduce higher levels of fiber into your diet gradually. Dr. Will Bulsiewicz, author of The Fiber Fueled Cookbook (one of our Top 12 plant-based cookbooks), likens your digestion to a muscle that gets stronger with training.
You wouldn’t start weight training by trying to deadlift 250 pounds; you’d start with a light barbell and work your way up. Similarly, you can build up your gut’s capacity to handle and benefit from fiber and resistant starch by starting small and building up — resistant starch resistance training, if you like.
The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics recommends not increasing total fiber intake by more than five grams each day until the desired intake is reached. For some people, increases should be spread over the course of weeks or even months. How much fiber should you aim for at the high end? At least 40 grams of fiber per day appears to be optimal.
In addition to what you eat and the amounts, how you eat is also important. Eating slowly and chewing thoroughly activates enzymes in your saliva that can jumpstart digestion in the mouth and esophagus, leaving less work for the bacteria in your colon.
Finally, adding probiotic and prebiotic foods into your diet can improve digestion over time by supporting the growth of colonies of beneficial bacteria.
Natural Remedies and Strategies To Reduce Gas
Beyond food, other remedies can help tame the toots.
Herbal teas (peppermint, ginger, chamomile, fennel, lemon balm, etc.)
A warm mug of herbal tea can do more than soothe your spirit — many herbs contain volatile oils that relax intestinal smooth muscle, speed gastric emptying, and let trapped bubbles escape upstream as a demure burp instead of migrating south.
Randomized trials and clinical reviews show that peppermint tea, in particular, cuts abdominal pain, bloating, and flatulence in people with functional gut disorders, with no serious side effects when taken as tea or enteric-coated capsules (which stay intact in the stomach so they can do their thing once they reach your intestines).
Chamomile, lemon balm, star anise, and fennel have weaker (but still positive) evidence and are considered safe for most people. Sip a cup about 20 minutes after the meal, and skip it only if you have reflux, since the same muscle-relaxing effect can sometimes loosen the upper esophageal sphincter and allow food that’s reached your stomach to pop back up into your food pipe.
Gentle movement or yoga after meals
Staying put after eating encourages gas to pool in the bends of the colon. A 2006 study found that patients who gently pedaled on a stationary bike in short five-minute sets cleared nearly twice as much gas as when they lay still. They also reported less bloating and abdominal distension.
Light walking, “wind-relieving” yoga poses, and seated torso twists work the same magic by using gravity and core muscle contractions to herd bubbles toward the rectum for an early exit. This doesn’t reduce flatulence, but enables you to deal with it quicker and with less discomfort.
Activated charcoal
Charcoal’s porous surface can adsorb gases and the odor-causing compounds that ride with them. (I had to look up “adsorb.” It means to attract and hold molecules of another substance on the surface only, as opposed to “absorb,” which is where the substance soaks into the interior, like water into a sponge.)
Charcoal binds other things, like medications and micronutrients, so reserve it for occasional heavy-bean nights, take it at least two hours away from prescriptions or supplements, and avoid long-term daily use.
Digestive enzyme supplements
If your digestive system feels overwhelmed by beans, crucifers, or other fiber-rich all-stars of a plant-based diet, digestive enzymes might be helpful. These supplements can provide your body with a boost of the very enzymes it needs to help break down tough-to-digest carbohydrates, proteins, and fats — before they cause bloating, gas, or discomfort.
While your body naturally produces digestive enzymes, some people don’t make enough, especially as we age, or during times of stress or chronic inflammation. That can mean more undigested food reaching your colon and more fermentation (read: more gas). Enzyme supplements help take the pressure off your digestive tract, easing the workload and making mealtimes more comfortable.
One of the most effective and well-studied enzymes for gas relief is alpha-galactosidase, the active ingredient in products like Beano®. It targets hard-to-digest sugars in beans and cruciferous vegetables, working in your small intestine to reduce fermentation before it even starts.
But for broader digestive support — including help with proteins, starches, fats, and fibers — you might want a more comprehensive enzyme blend. (At FRN, we like MassZymes by BIO Optimizers. You’ll find more info about their product, and a link to get an FRN member discount, in the Editor’s Note at the bottom of this article.)
For more on digestive enzymes, see our article here.
Limit consumption of carbonated beverages and sugar alcohols
Seltzers, sodas, and even some “sugar-free” sweet snacks can contribute to gas. The carbonation itself introduces air into the digestive system (as many class clowns discovered when a big swig of soda pop enabled them to burp the entire alphabet).
Sugar alcohols, common in sugar-free snacks, such as sorbitol and xylitol, ferment in the gut and can be hard to break down. Small amounts — like what’s found in chewing gum or mints — are unlikely to be a problem, but using sugar alcohols as a sweetener in desserts might not feel great to your tummy.
For the low-down on sugar alcohols and other sugar alternatives, we’ve got a comprehensive review here.
Mindfulness
Your gut and brain run on the same nerve highway: when you’re tense, digestion slows, gut sensitivity rises, and even normal amounts of gas can make you feel like a blown-up balloon about to meet a very sharp needle.
A 2002 study found that mindfulness-based stress reduction and acceptance-oriented cognitive-behavioral therapy, which incorporates mindful exposure, improved IBS symptom severity and quality of life. Daily five-minute breathing or body-scan sessions won’t eliminate gas production, but they can help dial down the discomfort and the urge to clench, allowing bubbles to pass easily and quietly.
Gas-Friendly Recipes To Support Digestion
Looking for plant-based meals that are gentle on digestion? These gas-friendly recipes are designed with your gut in mind, featuring ingredients and techniques that help reduce bloating and support comfort after eating. From fermented cabbage with carminative herbs to pressure-cooked beans and a soothing digestive juice, each dish brings flavor and function to your plate (or glass).
1. Homemade Green Cabbage Saurkraut
This Homemade Green Cabbage Sauerkraut isn’t just tangy and crunchy; it’s crafted to support better digestion. Made with green cabbage and a blend of fennel, caraway, and mustard seeds, this naturally fermented recipe delivers probiotics that help nourish your gut while the gas-inhibiting herbs work to reduce bloating and digestive discomfort. A forkful with meals can make a big difference in how you feel after eating.
2. Creamy Instant Pot Pinto Beans
If beans usually leave you feeling bloated, these Creamy Instant Pot Pinto Beans are a gut-friendly upgrade. Soaking and pressure cooking the beans helps break down gas-producing compounds, and cooking them with a strip of kombu (a digestive-supportive sea vegetable) enhances their tolerability even more. The recipe includes onion and garlic for depth of flavor, but they’re completely optional for those with sensitive stomachs or who don’t tolerate alliums well. With warming spices and tender beans, it’s a satisfying and soothing dish for any digestive system.
3. Digestive Wellness Juice
Packed with soothing and anti-inflammatory ingredients, this Digestive Wellness Juice is designed to calm the belly and support smooth digestion. Ingredients like fennel, ginger root, and pineapple are well known for their ability to relieve gas, reduce bloating, and support gut motility. Combined with kale, turmeric root, and lemon juice, this refreshing blend offers a daily dose of digestive wellness in every glass.
Conclusion
Gas on a plant-based diet is not uncommon, especially if you’ve recently made the switch or have started eating more fiber-rich foods. By experimenting with small changes, you can often reduce symptoms without giving up the foods you love.
The long-term benefits of eating more fiber — better digestion, a healthier gut microbiome, lower inflammation, and improved overall health — are well worth a little trial and error in the beginning. And many people find that once their gut adjusts, gas becomes much less frequent and less bothersome.
Tell us in the comments:
- Have you ever had to adjust your diet because of gas or bloating?
- What foods or tricks have helped you tame the toots?
- Any funny (or awkward!) stories you’d be brave enough to share?
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Featured Image: iStock.com / Aamulya
